(1)  – OP-1 protein is implanted at the site of fusion embedded in a collagen carrier. 

(2)  – OP-1 attracts stem cells from the blood stream to prepare for bone growth.

(3)  – The OP-1 protein provides instructions to the stem cells to commence work in forming new bone.

(4)  – The activated cells release other bone growth promoting signal proteins.

(5)  – Osteoblasts and osteoclast cells mature and begin the work of depositing calcium to generate strength.

(6)   - The bone remodels its own shape to optimize its ability to meet mechanical stress.